CUBRID
  • Introduction to Manual
    • Manual Contents
    • Glossary
    • Manual Conventions
    • Version Name and Version String Conventions
  • Introduction to CUBRID
    • System Architecture
      • Process Structure
      • Database Volume Structure
        • Permanent Volume
        • Temporary Volume
        • Backup Volume
      • Database Server
      • Broker
      • Interface Module
    • CUBRID Characteristics
  • Installing and Upgrading
    • Installing and Running CUBRID
      • Supported Platforms and System Requirements
      • Compatibility
      • Installing and Running CUBRID on Linux
      • Installing and Running CUBRID on Windows
      • Installing with a Compressed Package
        • Installing CUBRID with tar.gz on Linux
        • Installing CUBRID with zip on Windows
    • Configuring Environment Variables
      • CUBRID Environment Variables
      • OS Environment and Java Environment Variables
      • Configuring the Environment Variable
      • Language & Charset Setting
    • Port Setting
      • Default Ports for CUBRID
      • Ports for CUBRID HA
      • Ports for CUBRID Manager Server
    • Upgrade
      • Cautions during upgrade
      • Upgrading from CUBRID 9.2/9.3/10.0/10.1 to CUBRID 10.2
        • DB migration
        • Parameter configuration
      • Upgrading from CUBRID 9.1 to CUBRID 10.2
        • DB migration
        • Parameter configuration
      • Upgrading From CUBRID 2008 R4.1/R4.3/R4.4 To CUBRID 10.2
        • DB migration
        • Parameter configuration
      • Upgrading From CUBRID 2008 R4.0 or Earlier Versions To CUBRID 10.2
        • DB migration
        • Parameter configuration
    • Database Migration under HA Environment
      • HA migration from CUBRID 2008 R2.2 or higher to CUBRID 10.2
      • HA Migration from CUBRID 2008 R2.0/R2.1 to CUBRID 10.2
    • Uninstalling CUBRID
      • Uninstalling CUBRID in Linux
      • Uninstalling CUBRID in Windows
  • Getting Started
    • Starting the CUBRID Service
      • Shell Command
      • CUBRIDService or CUBRID Service Tray
      • Creating Databases
      • Starting Database
    • Query Tools
      • CSQL Interpreter
    • Management Tools
      • Running SQL with CUBRID Manager
      • Migrating schema/data with CUBRID Migration Toolkit
    • Drivers
  • CSQL Interpreter
    • Introduction to the CSQL Interpreter
    • Executing CSQL
      • CSQL Execution Mode
      • Using CSQL (Syntax)
      • CSQL Options
    • Session Commands
  • CUBRID SQL
    • Writing Rules
      • Identifier
        • Guidelines for Creating Identifiers
        • Legal Identifiers
        • Illegal Identifiers
        • The maximum length of an identifier name
      • Reserved Words
      • Comment
      • Literal
        • Number
        • Date/Time
        • Bit String
        • Character String
        • Collection
        • NULL
    • Data Types
      • Data Types
        • Numeric Types
        • Date/Time Types
        • Date/Time Types with Timezone
        • Bit Strings
        • Character Strings
        • ENUM Data Type
        • BLOB/CLOB Data Types
        • Collection Types
        • JSON Data Type
        • Implicit Type Conversion
    • Data Definition Statements
      • TABLE DEFINITION STATEMENTS
        • CREATE TABLE
        • ALTER TABLE
        • DROP TABLE
        • RENAME TABLE
      • INDEX DEFINITION STATEMENTS
        • CREATE INDEX
        • ALTER INDEX
        • DROP INDEX
      • VIEW DEFINITION STATEMENTS
        • CREATE VIEW
        • ALTER VIEW
        • DROP VIEW
        • RENAME VIEW
      • SERIAL DEFINITION STATEMENTS
        • CREATE SERIAL
        • ALTER SERIAL
        • DROP SERIAL
        • Accessing Serial
    • Operators and Functions
      • Logical Operators
      • Comparison Operators
      • Arithmetic Operators
        • Arithmetic Operations and Type Casting of Numeric Data Types
        • Arithmetic Operations and Type Casting of DATE/TIME Data Types
      • Set Arithmetic Operators
        • SET, MULTISET, LIST
      • Statement Set Operators
        • UNION, DIFFERENCE, INTERSECTION
      • Containment Operators
        • SETEQ
        • SETNEQ
        • SUPERSET
        • SUPERSETEQ
        • SUBSET
        • SUBSETEQ
      • BIT Functions and Operators
        • Bitwise Operator
        • BIT_AND
        • BIT_OR
        • BIT_XOR
        • BIT_COUNT
      • String Functions and Operators
        • Concatenation Operator
        • ASCII
        • BIN
        • BIT_LENGTH
        • CHAR_LENGTH, CHARACTER_LENGTH, LENGTHB, LENGTH
        • CHR
        • CONCAT
        • CONCAT_WS
        • ELT
        • FIELD
        • FIND_IN_SET
        • FROM_BASE64
        • INSERT
        • INSTR
        • LCASE, LOWER
        • LEFT
        • LOCATE
        • LPAD
        • LTRIM
        • MID
        • OCTET_LENGTH
        • POSITION
        • REPEAT
        • REPLACE
        • REVERSE
        • RIGHT
        • RPAD
        • RTRIM
        • SPACE
        • STRCMP
        • SUBSTR
        • SUBSTRING
        • SUBSTRING_INDEX
        • TO_BASE64
        • TRANSLATE
        • TRIM
        • UCASE, UPPER
      • Numeric/Mathematical Functions
        • ABS
        • ACOS
        • ASIN
        • ATAN
        • ATAN2
        • CEIL
        • CONV
        • COS
        • COT
        • CRC32
        • DEGREES
        • DRANDOM, DRAND
        • EXP
        • FLOOR
        • HEX
        • LN
        • LOG2
        • LOG10
        • MOD
        • PI
        • POW, POWER
        • RADIANS
        • RANDOM, RAND
        • ROUND
        • SIGN
        • SIN
        • SQRT
        • TAN
        • TRUNC, TRUNCATE
        • WIDTH_BUCKET
      • Date/Time Functions and Operators
        • ADDDATE, DATE_ADD
        • ADDTIME
        • ADD_MONTHS
        • CURDATE, CURRENT_DATE
        • CURRENT_DATETIME, NOW
        • CURTIME, CURRENT_TIME
        • CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, LOCALTIME, LOCALTIMESTAMP
        • DATE
        • DATEDIFF
        • DATE_SUB, SUBDATE
        • DAY, DAYOFMONTH
        • DAYOFWEEK
        • DAYOFYEAR
        • EXTRACT
        • FROM_DAYS
        • FROM_TZ
        • FROM_UNIXTIME
        • HOUR
        • LAST_DAY
        • MAKEDATE
        • MAKETIME
        • MINUTE
        • MONTH
        • MONTHS_BETWEEN
        • NEW_TIME
        • QUARTER
        • ROUND
        • SEC_TO_TIME
        • SECOND
        • SYS_DATE, SYSDATE
        • SYS_DATETIME, SYSDATETIME
        • SYS_TIME, SYSTIME
        • SYS_TIMESTAMP, SYSTIMESTAMP
        • TIME
        • TIME_TO_SEC
        • TIMEDIFF
        • TIMESTAMP
        • TO_DAYS
        • TRUNC
        • TZ_OFFSET
        • UNIX_TIMESTAMP
        • UTC_DATE
        • UTC_TIME
        • WEEK
        • WEEKDAY
        • YEAR
      • JSON functions
        • Introduction to JSON functions
        • JSON_ARRAY
        • JSON_OBJECT
        • JSON_KEYS
        • JSON_DEPTH
        • JSON_LENGTH
        • JSON_VALID
        • JSON_TYPE
        • JSON_QUOTE
        • JSON_UNQUOTE
        • JSON_PRETTY
        • JSON_SEARCH
        • JSON_EXTRACT
        • ->
        • ->>
        • JSON_CONTAINS_PATH
        • JSON_CONTAINS
        • JSON_MERGE_PATCH
        • JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE
        • JSON_MERGE
        • JSON_ARRAY_APPEND
        • JSON_ARRAY_INSERT
        • JSON_INSERT
        • JSON_SET
        • JSON_REPLACE
        • JSON_REMOVE
        • JSON_TABLE
      • LOB Functions
        • BIT_TO_BLOB
        • BLOB_FROM_FILE
        • BLOB_LENGTH
        • BLOB_TO_BIT
        • CHAR_TO_BLOB
        • CHAR_TO_CLOB
        • CLOB_FROM_FILE
        • CLOB_LENGTH
        • CLOB_TO_CHAR
      • Data Type Casting Functions and Operators
        • CAST
        • DATE_FORMAT
        • FORMAT
        • STR_TO_DATE
        • TIME_FORMAT
        • TO_CHAR(date_time)
        • TO_CHAR(number)
        • TO_DATE
        • TO_DATETIME
        • TO_DATETIME_TZ
        • TO_NUMBER
        • TO_TIME
        • TO_TIMESTAMP
        • TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ
      • Aggregate/Analytic Functions
        • Overview
        • Aggregate vs. Analytic
        • Analytic functions which “ORDER BY” clause must be specified in OVER function
        • AVG
        • COUNT
        • CUME_DIST
        • DENSE_RANK
        • FIRST_VALUE
        • GROUP_CONCAT
        • LAG
        • LAST_VALUE
        • LEAD
        • MAX
        • MEDIAN
        • MIN
        • NTH_VALUE
        • NTILE
        • PERCENT_RANK
        • PERCENTILE_CONT
        • PERCENTILE_DISC
        • RANK
        • ROW_NUMBER
        • STDDEV, STDDEV_POP
        • STDDEV_SAMP
        • SUM
        • VARIANCE, VAR_POP
        • VAR_SAMP
        • JSON_ARRAYAGG
        • JSON_OBJECTAGG
      • Click Counter Functions
        • INCR, DECR
      • ROWNUM Functions
        • ROWNUM, INST_NUM
        • ORDERBY_NUM
        • GROUPBY_NUM
      • Information Functions
        • CHARSET
        • COERCIBILITY
        • COLLATION
        • CURRENT_USER, USER
        • DATABASE, SCHEMA
        • DBTIMEZONE
        • DEFAULT
        • DISK_SIZE
        • INDEX_CARDINALITY
        • INET_ATON
        • INET_NTOA
        • LAST_INSERT_ID
        • LIST_DBS
        • ROW_COUNT
        • SESSIONTIMEZONE
        • USER, SYSTEM_USER
        • VERSION
      • Encryption Function
        • MD5
        • SHA1
        • SHA2
      • Comparison Expression
        • Simple Comparison Expression
        • ANY/SOME/ALL quantifiers
        • BETWEEN
        • EXISTS
        • IN
        • IS NULL
        • LIKE
        • REGEXP, RLIKE
        • CASE
      • Comparison Functions
        • COALESCE
        • DECODE
        • GREATEST
        • IF
        • IFNULL, NVL
        • ISNULL
        • LEAST
        • NULLIF
        • NVL2
      • Other functions
        • SLEEP
        • SYS_GUID
    • Data Manipulation Statements
      • SELECT
        • FROM Clause
        • WHERE Clause
        • GROUP BY … HAVING Clause
        • ORDER BY Clause
        • LIMIT Clause
        • Join Query
        • Subquery
        • VALUES
        • FOR UPDATE
      • Hierarchical Query
        • START WITH Clause
        • CONNECT BY Clause
        • Hierarchical Query Execution
        • Pseudo Columns for Hierarchical Query
        • Operators for Hierarchical Query
        • Functions for Hierarchical Query
        • Examples of Hierarchical Query
        • Performance of Hierarchical Query
      • INSERT
        • INSERT … SELECT Statement
        • ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE Clause
      • UPDATE
      • REPLACE
      • DELETE
      • MERGE
      • TRUNCATE
      • PREPARED STATEMENT
        • PREPARE Statement
        • EXECUTE Statement
        • DEALLOCATE PREPARE/DROP PREPARE Statements
      • DO
      • CTE
        • CTE column names
        • RECURSIVE clause
        • CTE Usage in DMLs and CREATE
    • Query Optimization
      • Updating Statistics
      • Checking Statistics Information
      • Viewing Query Plan
      • Query Profiling
      • Using SQL Hint
      • Index Hint
        • USING INDEX
        • USE, FORCE, IGNORE INDEX
        • Examples of index hint
      • Special Indexes
        • Filtered Index
        • Function-based Index
      • Optimization using indexes
        • Covering Index
        • Optimizing ORDER BY Clause
        • Index Scan in Descending Order
        • Optimizing GROUP BY Clause
        • Multiple Key Ranges Optimization
        • Index Skip Scan
        • Loose Index Scan
        • In Memory Sort
        • SORT-LIMIT optimization
    • Partitioning
      • Partitioning
        • Partitioning key
        • Range Partitioning
        • Hash Partitioning
        • List Partitioning
        • Partition Pruning
        • Partitioning Management
        • Indexes on Partitioned Tables
        • Notes on Partitioning
    • Globalization
      • An Overview of Globalization
        • Character data
        • Related Terms
        • Locale Attributes
        • Collation Properties
        • Collation Naming Rules
        • Files For Locale Setting
      • Locale Setting
        • Step 1: Selecting a Locale
        • Step 2: Compiling Locale
        • Step 3: Setting CUBRID to Use a Specific Locale
        • Step 4: Creating a Database with the Selected Locale Setting
        • Step 5 (optional): Manually Verifying the Locale File
        • Step 6: Starting CUBRID-Related Processes
        • Synchronization of Database Collations with System Collations
      • Collation
        • Charset and Collation of Column
        • Charset and Collation of Tables
        • Charset and Collation of String Literals
        • Charset and Collation of Expressions
        • Charset and Collation of System Data
        • Impact of Charset Specified When Creating DB
        • String literal input and output
        • Contraction and Expansion of Collation
        • Operations Requiring Collation and Charset
        • Collation settings impacting CUBRID features
        • Viewing Collation Information
      • Using i18n characters with JDBC
      • Timezone Setting
        • Compiling Timezone Library
      • Configuration Guide for Characters
        • Locale
        • CHAR and VARCHAR
        • Choosing Charset
        • Choosing Collation
        • Normalization
        • CAST vs COLLATE
      • Remark
      • Guide for Adding Locales and Collations
        • LDML Calendar Information
        • LDML Numbers information
        • LDML Alphabet
        • LDML Console Conversion
        • LDML Collation
    • Transaction and Lock
      • Database Transaction
        • Transaction Commit
        • Transaction Rollback
        • Savepoint and Partial Rollback
      • Cursor Holdability
      • Database Concurrency
      • Multiversion Concurrency Control
        • Versioning, visibility and snapshot
        • VACUUM
      • Lock Protocol
        • Granularity Locking
        • Lock Mode Types And Compatibility
        • Locking to protect unique constraint
        • Transaction Deadlock
        • Transaction Lock Timeout
      • Transaction Isolation Level
        • SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL
        • GET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL
        • READ COMMITTED Isolation Level
        • REPEATABLE READ Isolation Level
        • SERIALIZABLE Isolation Level
        • How to Handle Dirty Record
      • Transaction Termination and Restoration
        • Restarting Database
    • Trigger
      • CREATE TRIGGER
        • Guidelines for Trigger Definition
        • Trigger Definition
        • Event Time
        • Trigger Type
        • Trigger Event Type
        • Trigger Event Target
        • Combination of Event Type and Target
        • Trigger Condition
        • Correlation Name
        • Trigger Action
        • Trigger’s COMMENT
      • ALTER TRIGGER
        • Trigger’s COMMENT
      • DROP TRIGGER
      • RENAME TRIGGER
      • Deferred Condition and Action
        • Executing Deferred Condition and Action
        • Dropping Deferred Condition and Action
        • Granting Trigger Authorization
      • Trigger on REPLACE and INSERT … ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
      • Trigger Debugging
        • Viewing Trigger Execution Log
        • Limiting Nested Trigger
      • Trigger Example
    • Java Stored Function/Procedure
      • Environment Configuration for Java Stored Function/Procedure
        • Windows Environment
        • Linux/UNIX Environment
      • How to Write Java Stored Function/Procedure
        • Check the cubrid.conf file
        • Write and compile the Java source code
        • Load the compiled Java class into CUBRID
        • Publish the loaded Java class
        • Call the Java stored function/procedure
      • Using Server-side Internal JDBC Driver
      • Connecting to Other Database
      • loadjava Utility
      • Loaded Java Class Publish
        • Call Specifications
        • Data Type Mapping
        • Checking the Published Java Stored Function/Procedure Information
        • Deleting Java Stored Functions/Procedures
        • COMMENT of Java Stored Function/Procedure
      • Java Stored Function/Procedure Call
        • Using CALL Statement
        • Calling from SQL Statement
        • Calling from Java Application
      • Caution
        • Returning Value of Java Stored Function/Procedure and Precision Type on IN/OUT
        • Returning java.sql.ResultSet in Java Stored Procedure
        • IN/OUT of Set Type in Java Stored Function/Procedure
        • Using OID in Java Stored Function/Procedure
    • Method
      • Method Type
      • CALL Statement
    • Class Inheritance
      • Class Attribute and Method
      • Order Rule for Inheritance
      • INHERIT Clause
      • ADD SUPERCLASS Clause
      • DROP SUPERCLASS Clause
      • Class Conflict Resolution
        • Resolution Specifier
        • Superclass Conflict
        • Sub class Conflict
        • Schema Invariant
        • Rule for Schema Changes
    • Database Administration
      • User Management
        • Database User
        • CREATE USER
        • GRANT
        • REVOKE
        • ALTER … OWNER
        • User Authorization Management METHOD
      • SET
        • System Parameter
        • User Variables
      • KILL
      • SHOW
        • DESC, DESCRIBE
        • EXPLAIN
        • SHOW TABLES
        • SHOW COLUMNS
        • SHOW INDEX
        • SHOW COLLATION
        • SHOW TIMEZONES
        • SHOW GRANTS
        • SHOW CREATE TABLE
        • SHOW CREATE VIEW
        • SHOW ACCESS STATUS
        • SHOW EXEC STATISTICS
        • Diagnostics
    • System Catalog
      • System Catalog Classes
        • _db_class
        • _db_attribute
        • _db_domain
        • _db_charset
        • _db_collation
        • _db_method
        • _db_meth_sig
        • _db_meth_arg
        • _db_meth_file
        • _db_query_spec
        • _db_index
        • _db_index_key
        • _db_auth
        • _db_data_type
        • _db_partition
        • _db_stored_procedure
        • _db_stored_procedure_args
        • db_user
        • db_authorization
        • db_trigger
        • db_ha_apply_info
      • System Catalog Virtual Class
        • DB_CLASS
        • DB_DIRECT_SUPER_CLASS
        • DB_VCLASS
        • DB_ATTRIBUTE
        • DB_ATTR_SETDOMAIN_ELM
        • DB_CHARSET
        • DB_COLLATION
        • DB_METHOD
        • DB_METH_ARG
        • DB_METH_ARG_SETDOMAIN_ELM
        • DB_METH_FILE
        • DB_INDEX
        • DB_INDEX_KEY
        • DB_AUTH
        • DB_TRIG
        • DB_PARTITION
        • DB_STORED_PROCEDURE
        • DB_STORED_PROCEDURE_ARGS
      • Catalog Class/Virtual Class Authorization
      • Querying on Catalog
  • CUBRID Management
    • Controlling CUBRID Processes
      • Controlling CUBRID Service
      • Controlling Database Server
      • Controlling Broker
      • Controlling CUBRID Manager Server
      • Controlling CUBRID HA
    • CUBRID Services
      • Registering Services
      • Starting Services
      • Stopping Services
      • Restarting Services
      • Managing Service Status
      • cubrid Utility Logging
    • Database Server
      • Starting Database Server
      • Stopping Database Server
      • Restarting Database Server
      • Checking Database Server Status
      • Limiting Database Server Access
      • Database Server Log
        • Error Log
        • Event Log
      • Database Server Errors
    • Broker
      • Starting Broker
      • Stopping Broker
      • Restarting Broker
      • Checking Broker Status
      • Limiting Broker Access
      • Managing a Specific Broker
      • Dynamically Changing Broker Parameters
      • Broker configuration information
      • Broker Logs
        • Checking the Access Log
        • Checking the Error Log
        • Managing the SQL Log
      • CAS Error
    • CUBRID Manager Server
      • Starting the CUBRID Manager Server
      • Stopping the CUBRID Manager Server
      • CUBRID Manager Server Log
      • Configuring CUBRID Manager Server
      • CUBRID Manager User Management Console
    • Database Management
      • Database Users
      • databases.txt File
      • Database Volume
    • cubrid Utilities
      • cubrid Utility Logging
      • createdb
      • addvoldb
      • deletedb
      • renamedb
      • alterdbhost
      • copydb
      • installdb
      • backupdb
        • Backup Strategy and Method
        • Managing Backup Files
        • Managing Archive Logs
      • restoredb
        • Restoring Strategy and Procedure
        • Restoring Database to Different Server
      • unloaddb
      • loaddb
        • How to Write Files to Load Database
        • Migrating Database
      • spacedb
      • compactdb
      • optimizedb
      • plandump
      • statdump
      • lockdb
        • Output Contents
      • tranlist
      • killtran
      • checkdb
      • diagdb
      • paramdump
      • HA Commands
      • Locale Commands
      • Timezone Commands
    • System Parameters
      • Configuring the Database Server
        • Scope of Database Server Configuration
        • Changing Database Server Configuration
        • cubrid.conf Configuration File and Default Parameters
        • Connection-Related Parameters
        • Memory-Related Parameters
        • Disk-Related Parameters
        • Error Message-Related Parameters
        • Concurrency/Lock-Related Parameters
        • Logging-Related Parameters
        • Transaction Processing-Related Parameters
        • Statement/Type-Related Parameters
        • Thread-Related Parameters
        • Timezone Parameter
        • Query Plan Cache-Related Parameters
        • Utility-Related Parameters
        • HA-Related Parameters
        • Other Parameters
      • Broker Configuration
        • cubrid_broker.conf Configuration File and Default Parameters
        • Common Parameters
        • Parameter by Broker
      • HA Configuration
    • SystemTap
      • Overview
      • Installing SystemTap
        • Checking Installation
        • Version
      • Related Terms
        • Marker
        • Probe
        • Asynchronous Events
      • Using SystemTap in CUBRID
        • Building CUBRID source
        • Running SystemTap script
        • Printing Results
      • CUBRID markers
        • Connection markers
        • Query markers
        • Object operation markers
        • Index operation markers
        • Locking markers
        • Transaction markers
        • I/O markers
        • Other markers
    • Troubleshooting
      • Checking SQL Log
        • SQL log of CAS
        • Function getting CAS information
        • Application log
        • Slow query
      • Server Error Log
        • Detecting Overflow Keys or Overflow Pages
        • Detecting log recovery time
        • Detecting a Deadlock
      • Detecting the change of HA status
        • Detecting HA split-brain
        • Detecting Fail-over, Fail-back
      • Failure on HA Start
        • Typical Unrestorable Failure
        • How to fix when a Failure on HA start
  • CUBRID HA
    • CUBRID HA Concept
      • Nodes and Groups
      • Processes
      • Servers
      • heartbeat Message
      • failover and failback
      • Broker Mode
    • CUBRID HA Features
      • Duplexing Servers
      • Duplexing Brokers
      • Log Multiplexing
    • Quick Start
      • Preparation
      • Creating Databases and Configuring Servers
      • Starting and Verifying CUBRID HA
      • Configuring and Starting Broker, and Verifying the Broker Status
    • Environment Configuration
      • cubrid.conf
        • HA or Not
        • Logging
        • Access
      • cubrid_ha.conf
        • Node
        • Access
        • Replication
        • SQL Logging
      • cubrid_broker.conf
        • Access Target
        • Access Order
        • Access Limitation
        • Reconnection
      • databases.txt
      • JDBC Configuration
      • CCI Configuration
      • PHP Configuration
    • Connecting a Broker to DB
      • Connection Process
      • Examples on Behaviours by Configuration
    • Running and Monitoring
      • cubrid heartbeat Utility
        • start
        • stop
        • copylogdb
        • applylogdb
        • reload
        • replication(or repl) start
        • replication(or repl) stop
        • status
      • Registering HA to cubrid service
      • applyinfo
      • cubrid changemode
      • Monitoring CUBRID Manager HA
    • Structures of HA
      • Basic Structure of HA
      • Multiple-Slave Node Structure
      • Load Balancing Structure
      • Multiple-Standby Server Structure
    • HA Constraints
    • Operational Scenarios
      • Operation Scenario during Read/Write Service
      • Operation Scenario during Read Service
      • Operation Scenario after Stopping a Service
      • Setting Replica Replication Delay
    • Building Replication
      • restoreslave
      • Example Scenarios of Building Replication
      • Add a Slave after Stopping a Service
      • Build Another Slave during HA Service
      • Remove a Slave during Service
      • Add a Replica during Service
      • Rebuild a Slave during Service
    • Detection of Replication Mismatch
      • How to Detect Replication Mismatch
      • checksumdb
      • HA Error Messages
        • CAS process(cub_cas)
        • Replication Log Copy Process(copylogdb)
        • Replication Log Reflection Process(applylogdb)
    • Rebuilding Replication Script
      • ha_make_slavedb.sh Script
  • API Reference
    • JDBC Driver
      • JDBC Overview
      • Installing and Configuring JDBC
      • JDBC Programming
        • Configuration Connection
        • Connecting with DataSource
        • Checking SQL LOG
        • Checking Foreign Key Information
        • Using Object Identifiers (OIDs) and Collections
        • Getting Auto Increment Column Value
        • Using BLOB/CLOB
        • setBoolean
        • JDBC Error Codes and Error Messages
      • JDBC Sample Program
      • JDBC API
    • CCI Driver
      • CCI Overview
      • CCI Programming
        • Writing CCI Applications
        • Configuring Library
        • Using BLOB/CLOB
        • CCI Error Codes and Error Messages
      • CCI Sample Program
      • CCI API Reference
        • cci_bind_param
        • cci_bind_param_array
        • cci_bind_param_array_size
        • cci_bind_param_ex
        • cci_blob_free
        • cci_blob_new
        • cci_blob_read
        • cci_blob_size
        • cci_blob_write
        • cci_cancel
        • cci_clob_free
        • cci_clob_new
        • cci_clob_read
        • cci_clob_size
        • cci_clob_write
        • cci_close_query_result
        • cci_close_req_handle
        • cci_col_get
        • cci_col_seq_drop
        • cci_col_seq_insert
        • cci_col_seq_put
        • cci_col_set_add
        • cci_col_set_drop
        • cci_col_size
        • cci_connect
        • cci_connect_ex
        • cci_connect_with_url
        • cci_connect_with_url_ex
        • cci_cursor_update
        • cci_datasource_borrow
        • cci_datasource_change_property
        • cci_datasource_create
        • cci_datasource_destroy
        • cci_datasource_release
        • cci_disconnect
        • cci_end_tran
        • cci_escape_string
        • cci_execute
        • cci_execute_array
        • cci_execute_batch
        • cci_execute_result
        • cci_fetch
        • cci_fetch_buffer_clear
        • cci_fetch_sensitive
        • cci_fetch_size
        • cci_get_autocommit
        • cci_get_bind_num
        • cci_get_cas_info
        • cci_get_class_num_objs
        • CCI_GET_COLLECTION_DOMAIN
        • cci_get_cur_oid
        • cci_get_data
        • cci_get_db_parameter
        • cci_get_db_version
        • cci_get_err_msg
        • cci_get_error_msg
        • cci_get_holdability
        • cci_get_last_insert_id
        • cci_get_login_timeout
        • cci_get_query_plan
        • cci_query_info_free
        • cci_get_query_timeout
        • cci_get_result_info
        • CCI_GET_RESULT_INFO_ATTR_NAME
        • CCI_GET_RESULT_INFO_CLASS_NAME
        • CCI_GET_RESULT_INFO_IS_NON_NULL
        • CCI_GET_RESULT_INFO_NAME
        • CCI_GET_RESULT_INFO_PRECISION
        • CCI_GET_RESULT_INFO_SCALE
        • CCI_GET_RESULT_INFO_TYPE
        • CCI_IS_SET_TYPE
        • CCI_IS_MULTISET_TYPE
        • CCI_IS_SEQUENCE_TYPE
        • CCI_IS_COLLECTION_TYPE
        • cci_get_version
        • cci_init
        • cci_is_holdable
        • cci_is_updatable
        • cci_next_result
        • cci_oid
        • cci_oid_get
        • cci_oid_get_class_name
        • cci_oid_put
        • cci_oid_put2
        • cci_prepare
        • cci_prepare_and_execute
        • cci_property_create
        • cci_property_destroy
        • cci_property_get
        • cci_property_set
        • cci_query_result_free
        • CCI_QUERY_RESULT_ERR_NO
        • CCI_QUERY_RESULT_ERR_MSG
        • CCI_QUERY_RESULT_RESULT
        • CCI_QUERY_RESULT_STMT_TYPE
        • cci_register_out_param
        • cci_row_count
        • cci_savepoint
        • cci_schema_info
        • cci_set_allocators
        • cci_set_autocommit
        • cci_set_db_parameter
        • cci_set_element_type
        • cci_set_free
        • cci_set_get
        • cci_set_holdability
        • cci_set_isolation_level
        • cci_set_lock_timeout
        • cci_set_login_timeout
        • cci_set_make
        • cci_set_max_row
        • cci_set_query_timeout
        • cci_set_size
    • PHP Driver
      • Installing and Configuring PHP
        • For Linux
        • For Windows
      • Building CUBRID PHP Driver from Source Code
        • For Linux
        • For Windows
      • PHP Programming
        • Connecting to a Database
        • Transactions and Auto-Commit
        • Processing Queries
      • PHP API
    • PDO Driver
      • Installing and Configuring PDO
        • Linux
        • Windows
      • PDO Programming
        • Data Source Name (DSN)
        • Predefined Constants
      • PDO Sample Program
        • Verifying CUBRID PDO Driver Version
        • Connecting to CUBRID
        • Executing a SELECT Statement
        • Executing an UPDATE Statement
        • Using prepare and bind
        • Using the PDO::getAttribute() Function
        • CUBRID PDO Extensions
      • PDO API
    • ODBC Driver
      • Configuring and Environment ODBC
      • ODBC Programming
        • Configuring Connection String
      • ASP Sample Program
      • ODBC API
    • OLE DB Driver
      • Installing and Configuring OLE DB
      • OLE DB Programming
        • Using Data Link Properties Dialog Box
        • Configuring Connection String
        • Multi-Threaded Programming in .NET Environment
      • OLE DB API
    • ADO.NET Driver
      • Installing and Configuring ADO.NET
      • ADO.NET Programming
        • A Simple Query/Retrieve Code
        • batch Commands
        • Connection String
        • CUBRID Collections
        • CUBRID BLOB/CLOB
        • CUBRID Metadata Support
        • DataTable Support
        • Transactions
        • Working with Parameters
        • Error Codes and Messages
      • ADO.NET API
    • Perl Driver
      • Installing and Configuring Perl
      • Perl API
    • Python Driver
      • Installing and Configuring Python
        • Linux/UNIX
        • Windows
      • Python Programming
      • Python Sample Program
      • Python API
    • Ruby Driver
      • Installing and Configuring Ruby
      • Ruby Sample Program
      • Ruby API
    • Node.js Driver
      • Installing Node.js
      • CUBRID Node.js API
  • Release Notes
    • 10.2 Release Notes
      • Release Notes Information
      • Overview
        • Driver Compatibility
      • 10.2 Changes
      • Cautions
        • New Cautions
        • Existing Cautions
    • General Information
      • Revision history
      • Bug Reports and User Feedback
      • License
      • Additional Information
      • Note on Drivers
CUBRID
  • CUBRID SQL
  • Writing Rules
  • View page source

Writing Rules¶

  • Identifier
    • Guidelines for Creating Identifiers
    • Legal Identifiers
    • Illegal Identifiers
    • The maximum length of an identifier name
  • Reserved Words
  • Comment
  • Literal
    • Number
    • Date/Time
    • Bit String
    • Character String
    • Collection
    • NULL
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